PROBLEM

prevent people from achieving a desired aim or objective. the existance of problem can be seen when a person see the difficulties and obstacles of an event which is unsolved.

REFERENCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem

ITERATIVE and SEQUENTIAL

iterative: is a method type which aims to solve a problem with making approximations. These approximations start with an initial guess and try to develop this guess with observations and experimentations.

sequential: is a term which means coming back to back with an order.

REFERENCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_access
http://sozluk.sourtimes.org/show.asp?t=sequential
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_access_method

EVENT, PROCESS and LIFE CYCLE

Event: is a term which can be seen in social life, nature or science. It relies on five sense and so it is concrete.

process: is systematic changes and attributes of a naturally occurred event. systematic transformations with specific properties compose process.

REFERENCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_%28probability_theory%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event

VALIDITY, SIGNIFICANCE, RELIABILITY AND RELEVANCE

validity: refers to find acceptence of a process logically. It has this with proper statements and deducative arguments

significance: it has a meaning of improtance or mathematically and statistically means probability

reliability: is the ability of a person or system to perform and go on its functions in routine circumstances, as well as hostile or unexpected circumstances.

relevance: is a term which explain how to be connected, appropriate some informations to an event.

REFERENCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity

MODEL, SNOWBALL EFFECT and WATERFALL DIAGRAM

model: model is a term in economics which shows economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and quantitative relationships between them. Model has different definitions in other fields but for explaining snowball effect and waterfall diagram it should be used economic term.

snowball effect: is a figurative term explaining an event which can be seen in every aspect of life. A small amount of snow begin to become larger with building itself and after some time, it has a giant dimensions which can not be neglected.

waterfall diagram: is a process whics aims to solve a problem with an appropriate way. It firstly bein with specifiying problem and terms of problem. And then it continue with gaining main components, requirements and main assembly, varfications of these systems. Finally it finishes with controlling validate of system.

REFERENCES:

http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/sme/interactive_resources/tutorials/FailureCases/Images/WATERFALL_DIAGRAM.PDF

STRATEGY, PLAN and CONTROL

Strategy: is a way which consist of a long term plan to achieve an objective. Strategies help people understand and solve problem easier. Strategies explain the solution of problem with an understandable way.

Plan: a way in a process to accomplish a goal. with a true plan and a strategy which include this plan, goal become easier to achieve

Control: is a general ability of a person who is able to manage his/her duty in a process with a sufficient mastery.


REFERENCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_%28disambiguation%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy

THEORY, HYPOTHESİS AND PARADİGM

Theory: Theory is sum of scientific rules which is arranged and explain some events in nature. Theory can not be obtained without scientific observations, experimentations and determined conditions. theories are not hyptosesis or assumptions which are not accepted widely in scientific environment, they explain natural evnts with many obaservations and some basic principles.

Hypothesis: Hypothesis is a scientific temporary idea which needs to development and evolution. If the owner of a hypothesis try on the hypothesis to prove or disprove, it can be a part of a theory when the hypothesis explain the phenomenon correctly. The hypothesis is not a theory and remains as an unproven study since the hypothesis shows phenomenon with true observations and investigations.

paradigm: means pattern in any scientific discipline or other epistemological context. In a scientifc text, paradigm is what is to be observed, the kind of questions that are supposed to be asked and how these questions are structured

REFERENCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis

METHOD AND METHODOLOGY

According to ancient Greeks, it means that the way of pursuing information, own form of learning needs, questions. Furthermore, the dictionary mean is applying different ways in a process of a task to complete it. A type of method which is related to engineering is scientific method. The main techniques to research phenomena, obtain new information, edit and accomplish older information is said scientific method. İt can run with concrete evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. a scientific method forwards with cocrete and scientific observations and experimentations.

Methodology:the systematic study of methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a discipline is the dictionary definition. Methodology consist of some concepts because of relating to a discipline:
*sum of therories, concepts or ideas
*comparative study of different approaches
*review of individual methods

Methodology does not only mean a collection of methods, it refer to logical basis assumptions to entrench particular study. In addition, it should not be confused with researching, or specific analysis techniques.


REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodology
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/methodology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/method

HENRY FORD

Henry Ford was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and also father of modern assembly lines used in a mass production. Model T automobile was a revolution at transportation and American industry.He was a productive inventor and had award 161 U.S.

He has a project which is producting large numbers of inexpensive cars using the assembly lines and coupled with high wages for his workers.According to Ford, to gain peace consumerism is the key.Ford intensely try to lower costs resulted in many technical and business innovations,consisting of a franchise system.

He managed to success on his deram by intorducing model T cars.This cars were easy to drive and importantly easy and cheap to repair.They were also strong for rough roads so because of these properties model T cars is sold so much.However there was a problem about production which is inefficient.In order to prevent this,he tried to establish a system which includes manufacturing,standardized,division of labor and most importantly a moving assembly line.When assembly lines moving every worker stand a constant room and put their device to appropriate place to the automobile.This system cause to increase the efficiency and prevent form spending time.His innovations continued with division of labor which divides works between workers and also cause to prevent from spending time,increase efficiency and lower the cost of production

REFERANCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#The_.22invention_of_the_assembly_line.22

http://www.hfha.org/mainav.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford

BEGINNING OF ENGINEERING and ORIGINS OF ENGINEERING

While needs of society turned into more practical ,technical and advanced,medicine,law and engineering qualified to participate in a university environment.military engineers were the first engineers,worked by government.They concerned about roads,bridges and fortifications.The first schools of engineering were founded in France which had established military
Polytechnic schools to teach engineering

The first school to be taught engineering education in America was US Military Academy at West Point, beginning in 1802 .The first school which taught civil engineering is the Renssealer Polytechnic Instute,which is awarded the first engineering degree in 1835.

The word engineer has its roots in the Latin word ingeniare, which means to devise in the sense of construct, or craftsmanship. Several other words are related to ingeniare, including ingenuity.

REFERANCES:
http://www.seas.ucla.edu/hsseas/history/origin.html

WHAT DO ENGINEERS DO?

Engineers enforce the principles of science and mathematics to develop economical solutions to technical problems.their work is to associate scientific discoveries and the commercial applications that answer societal snd consumer needs.

Many engineers develop and produce new things.when this process is going on they should regard several factors like design,development,testing,production and maintenance.They manage production in factories,determine the causes of breakdowns,and test manufactured products to maintain quality. They also calculate the time and cost to finite projects.Some work in management or sales where an engineering background enables them to discuss technical aspects of a product and assist in planning its installation or use.
Engineers use computers extensively to produce and analyze designs; to simulate and test how a machine, structure, or system operates; to generate specifications for parts; and to monitor product quality and control process efficiency.


REFERANCES:
http://stats.bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm
http://www.teachingtools.com/Slinky/engineers.html

TYPES OF ENGINEERS AND INDUSTIAL ENGINEER'S ROLE

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING:Develop processes and products made with chemicals perhaps in the food, petroleum, or pharmaceutical industries.
CIVIL ENGINEERING:Design roads,building,transportation systems and other large-scale cpnstruction projects.
ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERS:Design,constructand maintain electronic systems, which may include working with computer chips, circuits and electronic communications.
GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERS:Solves earth related technical problems while at the same time protecting the environment
MATERIALS ENGINEERS:Study metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites to design materials for applications that may involve transportation, communication or power production.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS:Create machines and may work on transportation systems, power production or performance analysis.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERS:Work with nuclear reactors,fusion,fisionand radiation applications
FOOD ENGINEERS:aim to produce safe and healthy food.
INDUSTIAL ENGINEERS:They use their knowledge in equipment,material,procedures,human resources and production methods to help organizations in improving their efficiency and productivity.And also they pay attention the management side of operations.

REFERANCES:
http://www.nativeaccess.com/types/manag_industrial.html
http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/toki/teched/vtypes.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering

ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION

Engineering as a profession is to apply scientific knowledge and use natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials,structures,machines,devices,systems to make ease people's life. the method of engineers to solve a problem is using their science mathematics knowledge and appropriatge experience.They associate these properties, find some possible solutions. And then they choose the best solution to meet the requirements best.To be a good profession some qualities have to be granted like good theoritical knowledge,competence,work autonomy,self-regulation etc..If one add these qualities to scientific and management abilities,this person can servise the aim of engineering.If only a person behave as a profession of engineer,he can ease people's life.


REFERANCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profession
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering

WHICH VIP PERSON?

When asked me which vip do you prefer, i would prefer Abraham Maslow. Because my first aim in life is servicing human beings.Although all the VIPs managed to this,i appreciate Maslow's way.he investigate human beings' physicological needs and try to show how did the prymid of needs become.He was an excellent investigator,he strenghtened his claims with other scientists ideas and used his experience greatly to get become his theory.

ABRAHAM MASLOW

Abraham Horald Maslow was an American psychologist.He is regarded as his conceptualization of a hierarchy of human needs and the father of humanistic psychology.

Maslow investigated primate dominance behaviour and sexuality while attending university of Wisconsin and after graduating.When he was in New York he found two mentors Ruth Benedict and Max Wertheimer .Maslow admired them both professionally and personally.he thought there were such 'wonderful human beings', that Maslow began to take notes about them and their behaviour.The basis of his research is about mental health and human potential.He collected notes from other psychologists and wrote his experience and generated the concepts of a hierarchy of needs, metaneeds, self-actualizing persons, and peak experiences.

Maslow show human beings' needs like a ladder.the most primary needs were physical and they were at the bottom.Then from bottom to up,came safety needs,psychological or social needs and lastly the self-actualizing needs.according to Maslow a person can not climb the next step if s/he does not fulfill the lower step.Benedict and Wertheimer were Maslow's models of self-actualizing people can solve their problem outside of themselves.

REFERANCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow

http://faculty.vassar.edu/lowry/maslow1.html

MAX WEBER

Max Weber was a German political economist and sociologist.He was acknowledged as one of fathers of the modern sociology and public administration.He present anti-positivist tradition and developed ideas about ecenomy which cause to make imerge capitalism.His theories is often viewd as a reversal of Marx's thesis 'Materialism'.
As a result of his sociologic studies,he classified social actions into four title:1)traditional 2)affectional 3)value-rational 4)instrumental

Max Weber wrote a book about sociology of region and economics 'The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit Capitalism' Weber's other main contribution to economics is his work on methodology:his theories of "verstehen" and of antipositivism.

Max Weber formulated a three-component theory of stratifiction with social class,social status and party.

**Social class is based on economically determined relationship to the market(owner,renter,employee etc.)

**Status is based on non-economical qualities like honour,prestige and religion.

**Party refers to affiliations in the political domain

All three dimensions have results for what Weber called life chances.

REFERANCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber#Economics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber

HENRY FAYOL

Henri Fayol(1841-1925) was a French management theorist. Henri Fayol was one of the most influential contirbutors to modern concepts of management, having suggested that the are five basic functions of management: 1)planning 2)organizing 3)commanding 4)coordinating 5)controlling. The fifth function is about informing the manager in order to make necessary adjustments. Fayol regard the test of time and has shown to be relevant and appropriate to contemporary management.

Fayol believed in management therories could be developed, and then taught.His theories were published in a monograph General and Industrial Management in 1916

Fayol suggested there should have a command unity and should be a supervisor for each prson in ana organization.He also said that management is a universal human activity that applies equally well to the family as it does to the corporation.

Fayol has been mentioned as the father of operational management theory.Some writers found a close association between Fayol and Taylor.They both suggested the efficient organisation of production in the context of a competitive enterprise that has to control its production costs.Despite this similar claim,there is a big differet viewpoint over this study.Taylor viewed management process from bottom up,when Fayol viewed it from the top down.In General and Industrial Management,Fayol said that Taylor starts with the most elemental units of activity,study their actions's effects on productivity and then develop some new methods.According to Taylor the approach results in a "negation of principle of unity command(p.44) Taylor seperated system many part.Therefore this cause to become many managers in the system.However Fayol claims that it was unworkable situation, and that Taylor must have somehow reconciled the dichotomy in some way not described in Taylor's works.

Fayol developed his concept of administration based upon his own management experience.In his book General and Industiral Management the 14 principles of management were shown:

1)Specilization labour 2)authory 3)discipline 4)unity of command 5)unity of direction 6)subordination of Individual Interests 7)remuneration 8)cenralization 9)chain of superiors 10)order 11)equity 12)personal tenure 13)initiative 14)harmony

REFERANCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol

FREDERİCK WINSLOW TAYLOR

Frederick Winslow Taylor was a mechanical engineer in America. He study on improving industial efficiency. In his later years he worked as a management consultant. He is acknowledged as father of the scientific management. He thought industrial management works were so amatourish in his days that it prevented efficiency from any work. According to him as long as having a trained and qualified management, a cooperative workforce would bring the best result.Taylor thought 'One Best Way' to do would be found as long as analysing work. He is very famous because of developing the time and motion study. One of his most remembered study involves shovels. He realized that workers used the same shovels for all materials and try to find a more effective way.

Louis Brandeis cogitated the term scientific management, this term had also used in the title of Taylor's monograph The Principle of Scientific Management which is published in 1911.Louis Brandeis is also an active propagandist of Taylorism. This could be proved with closed approached to Taylor's Four principle. Taylor's scientific management includes four principles.



**Instead of using rule-of-thumb work methods,replace this with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks.

**Scientifically select,train and improve each employee,do not leave them to train themselves.




**Provide "Detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task"


**Seperate the work equally between managers and workers. Therefore while the manager apply scientific management principles to plan the work to be more efficiently,the workers actually perform the tasks.

Frederick Winslow Taylor was the president of American Society of Mechanical Engineering from 1906 to 1907.

Frederick Winslow Taylor had influenced on many scientist in many scientific study all around the world.


In all his life Taylor concerned about some values likethe rule of reason,improved quality,lower costs,higher wages,higher output,labor-management cooperation,experimentation,clear tasks and goals,feedback,training and develop of people. This all values lead to improve efficiency for workers,manager and the system.


REFERANCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1911taylor.html

FRANK BUNKER-LİLLİAN MOLLER GILBRETH

Frank Bunker Gilbreth(1868-1924) graduated last from high school. He began his career as a bricklayer,then he was a building constuctor after that improved his career with being management engineer. Lillian Moller(1878-1972) was the first industial and organizational psychologist. They married in 1904 and managed to do many work together.They are famous all around the scientific world because of their pioneering in the fields of time and motion study,fatigue study,work simplification,scientific management and ergonomics. Frank Bunker developed a system to decrease the fatigue of worker and studied on every worker's movement to increase productivity which is called micromotion study. Frank and Lillian also notice needs to improve the worker's physical comfort and this study led to study of ergonomics.

Gilbreths had a collection called N-file. It includes research materials,reports,photographs,manuscripts,blueprints and other materials about Gilbreth's works. Almost these all studies were concerned with the relationships between human beings and human efforts. They tried to develop motion study as an engineering and management technique.

Frank Bunker met Frederick Taylor in 1907 and after that he became an admiror of him on the work of systems of time study. Furthermore, he and his wife were a member of Taylor Society. In 1914 they broke with Taylor and Frank Bunker and Lillian Moller formed their own scientific management way which focused on the human element as well as technical..

REFERANCES:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bunker_Gilbreth

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth

http://gilbrethnetwork.tripod.com/bio.html

GONDEREN:Mustafa Memisoglu